It’s much easier to prevent plant disease than cure it. If you keep plants healthy with regular fertilizing, space plants and trim so that there is good air flow and clean up any damaged leaves as soon as you notice them, you will be well on your way to a healthy garden.
Some common diseases that you need to watch out for:
- Powdery Mildew shows up as a greyish-white film on the leaf surface that can be easily wiped off. It thrives in damp weather. Prevention is the best cure for this problem. Water early in the day so foliage is not wet overnight. Treat disease prone plants with a spray or dust of Garden Sulphur every week to ten days. Tall garden Phlox, begonias, cucumbers and squash are a few of the plants to watch.
- Black Knot is another disease that is very easy to spot. Members of the plum family, plus Chokecherry and Pin Cherry are very susceptible. You will see a black bulbous growth of tissue emerge from a crack in the bark of branches or tree trunks. Quick pruning is the only treatment. Cut the limb off 12 inches below the diseased area, bag the branch and get it off your property. Dip you pruning tools in 10% solution of Rubbing Alcohol after each cut so that you don’t spread the disease around. After pruning, spray the plant with a fungicide containing copper sulphate. If you have Black Knot in the trunk of a tree, unfortunately it must be cut down.
- Black Spot is a common leaf disease. Many roses are prone to it. A black sooty spot appears on the leaves; the leaf turns yellow and falls off. Using sulphur as a preventative spray is always the best way to combat this problem.
- Clematis Wilt is a disease that can hit suddenly. The fungus is a common one that lives in the soil. When the stem of the plant gets nicked or cracks, the fungus moves in and rapidly multiplies in the tiny tubes that carry water from the roots to the leaves. The tubes get clogged, the water can’t get through and the leaves suddenly wilt and die. Be very careful when cultivating around your clematis. Try not to damage any stems. Make sure the vines have good support so that they don’t crack on a windy day. If disease strikes, cut down and bag all stems and foliage. Look closely at the crown of the plant. If it is still healthy, spray with Copper Sulphate and wait to see if it re-grows.
- Leaf Blight is a wide group of diseases that show up on many plants. It shows up as irregular dead spots on the leaves. It is most common on plants that are stressed. Try to keep plants well watered during periods of drought. Use the correct fertilizer for the plants you grow and clean up damaged foliage quickly to prevent the spread of the disease. Copper Sulphate is the best product to use for this problem if the plant is small enough to spray.
Unfortunately we are already seeing a lot of leaf blight on trees. My neighbour asked about the irregular black spots on the leaves her maple tree. Unfortunately it is much too large to spray, however in most cases leaf blight doesn’t do any permanent damage to trees. I’ve already noticed that newer leaves are very healthy.
This is shaping up to be a very challenging gardening season. Now that warmer weather has arrived, be extra diligent about searching for the start of any disease problems.
